Pump assembly

ABSTRACT

A pump apparatus for use on a vehicle or industrial application having a housing in which an end cap is disposed. Multiple hydraulic pumps driven by a prime mover are mounted on the end cap and connected to hydraulic ports formed in the end cap. An auxiliary pump may be drivingly coupled to the prime mover and a power take off unit may also be connected thereto. The end cap may further include a charge pump mounting surface and a charge port for connecting a charge pump.

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a continuation of U.S. patent Ser. No. 12/014,843 filed on Jan. 16, 2008, now U.S. Pat. No. 7,624,573; which is a continuation of U.S. patent Ser. No. 11/622,530 filed on Jan. 12, 2007, now U.S. Pat. No. 7,347,047; which is a continuation of U.S. patent Ser. No. 11/073,269 filed on Mar. 3, 2005, now U.S. Pat. No. 7,162,870; which is a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent Ser. No. 10/987,681, filed on Nov. 12, 2004 now U.S. Pat. No. 7,377,105, and a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent Ser. No. 11/020,699, filed on Dec. 23, 2004 now U.S. Pat. No. 7,146,810. U.S. patent Ser. No. 11/622,530 is also a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent Ser. No. 11/609,178 filed on Dec. 11, 2006 now abandoned; which is a continuation of U.S. patent Ser. No. 11/020,699 filed on Dec. 23, 2004 now U.S. Pat. No. 7,146,810; which is a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent Ser. No. 10/987,681 filed on Nov. 12, 2004, now U.S. Pat. No. 7,377,105. These prior applications are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

This application relates in general to hydrostatic pumps and transmissions and in particular to a multi-pump arrangement. Hydrostatic pumps are well-known for use in driving vehicles such as tractors and other off-road devices. Such pumps are also used in a wide variety of industrial applications other than vehicles.

In one known arrangement for a vehicle, a plurality of pumps is mounted in separate housings on a vehicle frame. Each pump is connected to a respective hydrostatic motor through high pressure hoses, which are often connected to the pump through an end cap. The end cap is secured to the pump housing and includes a running surface for the pump cylinder block and porting to connect the cylinder block to the hoses.

A control arm is engaged to each hydrostatic pump to control the output of the pump. In a known design, the hydrostatic pump is of an axial piston design and the control arm is engaged to a swash plate, the rotation of which can change the output of the pump from forward to neutral to reverse. Rotation of the pumps is provided by rotary input shafts which are separately driven by the vehicle engine through pulleys and belts or other known methods. The pump transmits hydraulic fluid through one of a pair of high pressure hoses to a hydrostatic motor. Rotational output of the motor is then transmitted to the vehicle drive wheels through an output axle or other known means.

Such an arrangement allows for zero turn capability, since the hydrostatic pumps may be operated independently of one another. However, there is a cost involved with this arrangement, as it requires at least four separate housings for the individual pumps and motors, and each housing must be individually secured to the vehicle frame.

A BDU transmission, which is a hydrostatic transmission (“HST”) that is currently known in the industry, comprises a single housing enclosing both a hydrostatic pump and a hydrostatic motor, both of which are mounted to a single plate. The pump input shaft and motor output shaft are parallel to one another, and the plate contains hydraulic porting to connect the pump and motor. One such hydrostatic transmission is shown in U.S. Pat. No. 5,392,670. Such an HST is generally used to connect to a drive train for powering output axles of a tractor or similar vehicle.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

A multi-pump apparatus for use on a vehicle or industrial application having a housing in which hydraulic pumps are mounted and driven by a prime mover is provided. The prime mover is drivingly coupled to a main input shaft, which drives the hydraulic pumps. An auxiliary pump may be drivingly coupled to the main drive shaft and a power take off unit may also be connected thereto.

A better understanding of the objects, advantages, features, properties and relationships of the invention will be obtained from the following detailed description and accompanying drawings which set forth illustrative embodiments that are indicative of the various ways in which the principles of the invention may be employed.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 depicts a vehicle employing a first embodiment of the drive assembly of the present invention with one drive wheel removed for clarity.

FIG. 2 is a side view of a first embodiment of this invention with certain internal elements shown in phantom to show one type of connection to the prime mover.

FIG. 3 is a side view of a first embodiment of this invention with certain internal elements shown in phantom to show another type of connection to the prime mover.

FIG. 4 is a side view of the external casing of a first embodiment of this invention.

FIG. 5 is a top view of the dual pump design shown in FIG. 4.

FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of the internal components of the dual pump arrangement shown in FIG. 4, along the lines 6-6 in FIG. 4, with certain parts shown as solid, and certain system elements shown schematically.

FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view of the end cap of a first embodiment, along the lines 7-7 in FIG. 5.

FIG. 8 is an end view of the dual pump design shown in FIG. 5 with the PTO and gear chamber cover removed.

FIG. 9 is an end view of a second embodiment of this invention with the PTO and gear chamber cover removed.

FIG. 10 is a top view of the dual pump and auxiliary pump design shown in FIG. 9.

FIG. 11 is a cross sectional view of the end cap for the embodiment shown in FIG. 10, along lines 11-11, with certain system elements shown schematically.

FIG. 12 is a cross-sectional view of an alternative end cap design for the embodiment shown in FIG. 11.

FIG. 13 depicts a vehicle employing a third embodiment of the drive assembly of the present invention with one wheel removed for clarity.

FIG. 14 is a side view of the embodiment of the invention shown in FIG. 13.

FIG. 15 is a top view of the embodiment of the invention shown in FIG. 13.

FIG. 16 is a cross-sectional view of the internal components of the dual pump arrangement shown in FIG. 15 along the lines 16-16 in FIG. 15, with certain parts shown as solid.

FIG. 17 is a cross-sectional view of the end cap shown in FIG. 16, along the lines 17-17 in FIG. 16.

FIG. 18 is an end view of the third embodiment of this invention with the gear chamber cover and fan removed.

FIG. 19 depicts a vehicle employing a fourth embodiment of the drive assembly of the present invention with one wheel removed for clarity.

FIG. 20 is a side view of the fourth embodiment of this invention.

FIG. 21 is a top view of the fourth embodiment of this invention.

FIG. 22 is a cross-sectional view of the internal components of the dual pump arrangement shown in FIG. 21 along the lines 22-22 in FIG. 21, with certain parts shown as solid.

FIG. 23 is a cross-sectional view of the end cap of the fourth embodiment, along the lines 23-23 in FIG. 20, with certain system elements shown schematically.

FIG. 24 is a cross-sectional view of the end cap shown in FIG. 23 along the lines 24-24 in FIG. 23.

FIG. 25 is a vehicle employing a fifth embodiment of the drive assembly with one wheel removed for clarity.

FIG. 26 is a side view of the fifth embodiment of this invention.

FIG. 27 is a cross-sectional view of the end cap of the fifth embodiment along the lines 27-27 in FIG. 26, with certain system elements shown schematically.

FIG. 28 is a cross-sectional view of the end cap shown in FIG. 27 along the lines 28-28 in FIG. 27.

FIG. 29 is an end view of the fifth embodiment with the fan, gear chamber cover, and charge cover removed for clarity.

FIG. 30 is an interior view of the charge cover of the fifth embodiment.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The following is a description of the multiple embodiments of this invention. Where appropriate, like numerals indicate identical or substantially identical components, and similar numerals with a different initial numeral indicate similar components with certain differences as specified. Further, in each of the embodiments discussed herein, identical numerals followed by “a” and “b” identify elements that are either identical or are mirror images of each other. Therefore, for convenience, the descriptions of elements with numerals followed by “a” apply equally to elements with identical numerals followed by “b.”

A vehicle 12 employing a first embodiment of a dual pump unit 10 is shown in FIG. 1, while the external structure thereof is shown in FIGS. 4 and 5. The internal structure of dual pump unit 10 is shown in FIG. 6. While the hydraulic porting of end cap 30 is shown in FIG. 7, it will be understood that the drawings are not to scale, and the arrangement and sizing of the components will be obvious to a person of skill in the art. The size of pumps 51 a and 51 b and the other components will be dictated primarily by the intended applications of the unit and any required external dimensions.

FIG. 1 depicts a vehicle 12 incorporating a first embodiment of the present invention. The arrangement shown here is of a rear engine mounting, where engine 84 is mounted on vehicle frame 88, which also supports motors 90, mower deck 89 and other possible attachments. Axles 87 extend from motors 90 and drive vehicle wheels 85.

Pump housing 20 is mounted by way of bell housing 16 to engine 84 so that pump housing 20 is generally parallel to vehicle frame 88 and end cap 30 is perpendicular to vehicle frame 88. Attach points 18 formed on gear chamber cover or casing 35 may also be used to secure pump apparatus 10 to frame 88 in a number of known manners. Hydraulic hoses 70 b and 72 b carry fluid from threaded system ports 71 and 73 to respective motors 90. Pump apparatus 10 is preferably located along the center line of the vehicle, i.e., along the center of the longitudinal axis of the vehicle parallel to and between members of frame 88. This location of pump apparatus 10 simplifies the arrangement and connections of the various hoses, linkage mechanisms and the like. One such advantage is that hoses 70 and 72 may be generally symmetrical in length and routing. This length symmetry includes having hoses 70 of one generally identical length and hoses 72 of a second generally identical length, or having hoses 70 and 72 being of one generally identical length. Note that while the aforementioned discussion relates to the preferable positioning of pump unit 10 on the vehicle center line, pump unit 10 may be positioned in other locations as need dictates.

Bell housing 16 is positioned between and secured to both pump unit 10 and engine 84. In addition, as shown in FIG. 6, bell housing 16 forms an enclosed space 16 a covering the coupling between main drive shaft 24 and engine 84. There are a variety of configurations for connecting main drive shaft 24 to a prime mover 84 output. One such configuration is depicted in FIG. 2, where an engine output shaft 14 is connected to a coaxially positioned main input shaft 24 by coupler 15. Another possible configuration is depicted in FIG. 3, where main input shaft 24′ of pump apparatus 10′ is connected to flywheel 13 of prime mover 84′.

Inside housing 20 is located a pump chamber (or cavity) 50 in which are mounted a first rotatable pump 51 a and a second pump 51 b, both of which are rotatably mounted on their respective running surfaces 31 a and 31 b on end cap 30 which forms a common support structure. End cap 30 is secured to housing 20 by fasteners 32, which also secure gear chamber cover 35 to end cap 30 and which extend through openings 36 in end cap 30 into threaded openings (not shown) in housing 20. End cap 30 acts to close off pump chamber 50.

The following discussion of pump 51 a will also apply to second pump 51 b. Pump 51 a is of the axial piston design and comprises rotatable cylinder block 53 a, in which are mounted a plurality of axial stick pistons 55 a, each of which includes a piston spring 56 a therein, with cylinder block 53 a engaged to first pump shaft 25 by means of spline 44 a or similar means. Pistons 55 a abut a thrust bearing 47 a mounted in swash plate 48 a. Trunnion arm 21 a interfaces with swashplate 48 a through slider bearing 49 a. Rotation of trunnion arm 21 a thus moves swash plate 48 a and will control the direction and flow rate of the output of hydraulic pump 51 a. End cap 30 is preferably made of aluminum; it should be understood that materials such as cast iron may also be used and a valve plate may be used in conjunction with either material.

Trunnion arm 21 a extends out from housing 20 through seal 58 a and bushing 59 a. As shown in FIG. 8, control arms 22 a and 22 b are mounted to trunnion arms 21 a and 21 b with fasteners 23 a and 23 b. Control arms 22 a and 22 b can be engaged to various linkage mechanisms so that pumps 51 a and 51 b can be independently controlled by a vehicle operator. The location of trunnion arms 21 a and 21 b on opposite ends of housing 20 (corresponding to the sides of vehicle frame 88) permits the use of more efficient linkage systems 69 which include first and second operating levers.

Main drive shaft 24 is directly engaged to an engine or prime mover 84 on one end and drivingly engaged to pump shafts 25 and 26, as discussed in more detail below and as shown most clearly in FIGS. 2 and 6. For drivingly coupling main drive shaft 24 to pump shafts 25 and 26, a plurality of gear sets may be employed, which will be discussed in greater detail below. In this embodiment, the output of engine 84 is horizontal with respect to the ground, as are main drive shaft 24 and pump shafts 25 and 26.

Drive shaft 24 may also extend outside gear chamber cover 35 and drive a power take off unit or mechanism (“PTO”) 29. PTO 29 may assume an engaged and disengaged position. In the engaged position, PTO shaft 29 a will be coupled to drive shaft 24 and may be used to power an output device, such as a mower deck. In the disengaged position, PTO shaft 29 a and drive shaft 24 will not be in driving communication with one another. PTO shaft 29 a extends outside PTO 29 and, as shown in, e.g., FIGS. 1 through 6, a cooling fan 19 may be mounted on PTO shaft 29 a. Therefore, when PTO 29 is engaged and drive shaft 24 is coupled to PTO shaft 29 a drive shaft 24 will supply the driving force for PTO 29 and fan 19. It should be noted that PTO 29 and the corresponding extension of main drive shaft 24 through gear chamber cover 35 is optional; shaft 24 need not extend out in such a manner, in which case gear chamber cover 35 would be a solid structure on the end thereof.

PTOs are known in the art, so only minimal explanation of the function of PTO 29 will be provided herein. PTO 29 is attached to end cap 30 by a plurality of fasteners 67. Since PTO 29 as depicted is hydraulically controlled, a source of hydraulic fluid is required. In the embodiment shown in FIGS. 6 and 7, charge fluid from passage 94 a is directed to charge gallery 95 a and then through passage 98 to passage 99, to which is connected hydraulic line 100, shown in FIGS. 4 and 6. Line 100 is connected to passage 102 in gear chamber cover 35. Valve 104, which is operator controlled by one of a variety of known techniques, is used to activate and deactivate PTO 29. Valve 104 either provides pressurized fluid from passage 102 to PTO gallery 105, or it blocks fluid from passage 102 from entering into gallery 105 while relieving pressure from gallery 105. The fluid relieved from gallery 105 travels through passage 106, which is either connected to gear chamber 45 or pump chamber 50 by an internal or external connection.

When valve 104 is operated to provide pressurized fluid from passage 102 to gallery 105, PTO brake 107, which normally clamps PTO shaft 29 a to PTO housing 28, is deactivated, thereby leaving PTO shaft 29 a free to rotate. As PTO brake 107 is being deactivated, PTO clutch 108 is being activated, connecting main drive shaft 24 to PTO shaft 29 a, thus causing PTO shaft 29 a to rotate with shaft 24. When valve 104 is returned to a deactivated position pressure is released from gallery 105, allowing clutch 108 to be deactivated and brake 107 to be activated, uncoupling PTO shaft 29 a from shaft 24 and braking PTO shaft 29 a.

As shown in FIGS. 6 and 8, spur gears 52 a, 52 b and 52 c acting as a first driving mechanism comprising a first drive train, which are preferably helical spur gears, are mounted in gear chamber 45, which may be sealed from pump chamber 50. Spur gear 52 c is mounted on main drive shaft 24 and is directly engaged to spur gears 52 a and 52 b, which are mounted on shaft 25 and shaft 26, respectively. Gears 52 a, 52 b, and 52 c are positioned by shoulders formed on their respective shafts and by proximity to washers 54 a, 54 b and 54 c, which are located adjacent gear chamber cover 35. Shafts 25 and 26 in turn drive first and second pumps 51 a and 51 b, respectively.

Gear chamber 45 is formed by end cap 30 and gear chamber cover 35, which is secured to housing 20 through end cap 30 by a plurality of fasteners 32, as previously noted. A sealant, gasket, or o-ring 37 may be used at this junction to prevent leakage of hydraulic oil or gear grease. Main drive shaft 24 may be supported and located in a variety of locations, such as PTO 29 by sealed bearing 66, housing 20 by bearing 63, end cap 30 by bearing 64, or in gear chamber cover 35. Cooling fan 19 is secured to main drive shaft 24 by a spline and retaining ring (not shown) or may be secured by a number of other known configurations. An optional oil cooler (not shown) could also be added to the system and located to take advantage of the air flow from cooling fan 19. A seal may be positioned adjacent main drive shaft 24 between pump chamber 50 and gear chamber 45 so that different lubricants may be used in each chamber, such as oil in pump chamber 50 and grease in gear chamber 45.

As shown most clearly in FIG. 6, charge pumps 57 a and 57 b, which are gerotor style charge pumps, are mounted in end cap 30 and splined to pump shafts 25 and 26. Charge pumps 57 a and 57 b may be secured in end cap 30 by charge covers 60 a and 60 b. Kidney 93 a provides oil from passage 80 to charge pump 57 a. As shown in FIGS. 6 and 7, pressurized oil is sent from charge pump 57 a to charge gallery 95 a through passage 94 a. Charge relief opening 77 a is also formed in charge gallery 95 a to permit oil to be discharged therethrough by means of charge relief valve 97 a in the event of excess oil pressure.

The hydraulic porting in end cap 30 is shown in FIG. 7. System ports 71 and 73 extend into end cap 30, with ports 71 a and 73 a in communication with first pump 51 a and ports 71 b and 73 b in communication with second pump 51 b. A set of check valves 101 a, 101 b, 103 a and 103 b is threaded into respective openings 74 a and 74 b in end cap 30, corresponding to ports 71 a, 71 b, 73 a and 73 b. Check valves 101 a, 101 b, 103 a and 103 b are of a standard design known in the art, and each may include a bleed 34 formed in the end thereof. Check valves 101 a and 103 a are in communication with pump 51 a, while check valves 101 b and 103 b are in communication with pump 51 b.

When swash plate 48 a is in the forward position, one of ports 71 a or 73 a will be under high pressure and the other port will be under low pressure, or vacuum. When swash plate 48 a is moved to the neutral position, neither port will be under pressure, and when the direction of swash plate 48 a changes (e.g., from forward to reverse) the status of ports 71 a and 73 a will switch, with the formerly low pressure or vacuum side being placed under high pressure, and vice versa. The ends of each system ports 71 a, 71 b, 73 a, and 73 b are threaded to permit connection of hoses 70 and 72 and the like.

As shown in FIG. 6, an external oil reservoir 86 may be mounted at various locations on vehicle 12 or on pump apparatus 10. Oil drains from pump chamber 50 through case drain 38, and then through outlet hose 91 b to reservoir 86. Oil returns to the system through inlet hose 91 a, passing through filter 92 into charge pump inlets 75 a and 75 b. As shown in FIG. 5, case drain 38 is located in housing 20 in a location corresponding to pump chamber 50, so that oil will drain from chamber 50 to reservoir 86 and will be passed through filter 92 before its return to the system. Filter 92 could also be located on hose 91 b. Referring to FIG. 7, passages 80 and 81 are formed in end cap 30 and connected to charge inlets 75 a and 75 b. The location of passages 80 and 81 between system ports 71 a and 73 a allows for a compact end cap 30.

Bearing 96 a, which is preferably a standard friction bearing, is used not only to support input shaft 25 but also to divide passage 80 into two separate sides, where inlet 75 a and kidney 93 a, which supplies oil from reservoir 86 to charge pump 57 a, are on one side thereof, and passage 94 a, which provides pressurized oil from charge pump 57 a to charge gallery 95 a, is on the other side. A similar bearing 96 b is also used to support second shaft 26.

As noted above, pump chamber 50 and gear chamber 45 can be strictly segregated, such that the hydraulic oil used in pumps 51 a and 51 b is independent of the lubricant for spur gears 52 a, 52 b and 52 c. This segregation would permit the use of a gear lubricant in gear chamber 45, which may be desirable in certain applications. It should be obvious to those with skill in the art that the foregoing arrangement may be varied without departing from the scope of the present invention.

A second embodiment of the present invention is shown in FIGS. 9-11. In this embodiment of pump apparatus 110, an auxiliary pump 157 has been provided in place of charge pumps 57 a and 57 b and auxiliary pump 157 may provide pressure for PTO 29. As shown in FIGS. 9 and 10, auxiliary pump 157 may be positioned above main drive shaft 124 and input shafts 125, 126 and attached to housing 120 by fasteners 161. The orientation of swash plates 48 a and 48 b and the location of trunnion arms 121 a and 121 b, control arms 122 a and 122 b and output system ports 171 a, 171 b, 173 a and 173 b can remain generally the same as in the previous embodiment, as exemplified in FIG. 11. As shown in FIG. 9, main drive shaft 124 may be drivingly engaged to pump shafts 125, 126 and auxiliary pump shaft 127. For driving auxiliary pump shaft 127, main drive shaft 124 may be coupled to gear 152 c, which transfers the driving force from main input shaft 124 to gear 127 b, then to gear 127 a and then to auxiliary pump shaft 127. It should also be obvious to those with skill in the art that auxiliary pump 157 may also be positioned below gear 152 c approximately equidistant from the shafts 125 and 126 or may be positioned above or below shaft 125 or 126. However, the position shown is advantageous as it allows shafts 125 and 126 to be sized for the load of the pumps they drive and only shaft 124 carries the torque for more than one pump.

As shown in FIG. 10, trunnion arms 121 a and 121 b extend from opposite ends of housing 120. The addition of auxiliary pump 157 requires a different end cap 130. FIG. 11 shows a cross-section of end cap 130, taken along the lines 11-11 in FIG. 10. In this embodiment, system ports 173 a and 171 a correspond to pump 51 a, and ports 171 b and 173 b correspond to pump 51 b.

The charge and auxiliary pump configuration of this embodiment is different from that of pump apparatus 10, which does not include an auxiliary pump. Fluid is drawn from reservoir 86 through filter 92 into charge inlet line 191 a, which is connected to charge inlet passage 181 a. Passage 181 a is a portion of passage 181 that is formed through end cap 130 and then separated into charge inlet passage 181 a and charge outlet passage 181 b by the insertion of bearing 176.

As is known in the industry, fluid is then drawn from charge inlet passage 181 a through charge inlet kidney 193 by auxiliary pump 157, which then provides pressurized fluid through outlet passage 194 into auxiliary outlet 181 b. Auxiliary pump 157 may be a gerotor type pump or similar pump. From auxiliary outlet 181 b pressurized fluid travels through auxiliary line 209 a to PTO 29 or to another hydraulic auxiliary device 129, which may be a deck lift for deck 89, hydraulic actuators for moving swash plates 48 a and 48 b, or other hydraulically operated devices. Fluid may return from auxiliary device 129 or PTO 29 by way of auxiliary return line 209 b. The returned fluid passes through filter 183 and re-enters end cap 130 through auxiliary return inlet port 211 formed in auxiliary cap 39.

Properly sized auxiliary pump 157 will provide more fluid than is necessary to operate auxiliary device 129. To allow the excess fluid to escape the auxiliary circuit, an auxiliary relief valve 40 is provided in auxiliary relief line 41 that is connected between outlet 181 b of auxiliary pump 157 and auxiliary return inlet port 211. A person of skill in the art will understand that the location of auxiliary relief valve 40 shown is exemplary, as valve 40 may be located in a variety of locations, including passages formed internal to end cap 130. Filter 183 may similarly by located in a variety of locations, including internal to end cap 130, and in some configurations, filter 183 may not be required.

After entry through auxiliary return inlet 211, the fluid then enters a charge fluid gallery comprising gallery 180 e, two passages 180 a and 180 c extending into end cap 130, and passages 180 b and 180 d formed at right angles to passages 180 a and 180 c. Passages 180 b and 180 d are machined or formed in end cap 130 and each is then divided into two portions by bearings 196 a and 196 b, respectively, and the openings to passages 180 b and 180 d at the surface of end cap 130 are plugged. Gallery 180 e is preferably formed on a side of end cap 130 and closed off by auxiliary cap 39.

Pumps 51 a and 51 b may not require all the fluid available and a charge relief valve 197 is provided to limit the pressure in passages 180 a, 180 b, 180 c, 180 d and 180 e. As shown, this relieved fluid returns to inlet 181 a of auxiliary pump 157. However, for additional cooling the relieved fluid may be returned to reservoir 86.

As shown in FIGS. 10 and 11, any fluid that escapes into the internal sump of housing 120 is returned to reservoir 86 through case drain 138 and case drain line 191 b.

System ports 173 a and 173 b are also formed at a generally right angle to intersect with check plug ports 174 a and 174 b, respectively, for ease of manufacture. This design permits the insertion of check plugs 1101 a, 1101 b and 1103 a, 1103 b into end cap 130 in the manner shown. This arrangement keeps check plugs 1101 a, 1101 b and 1103 a, 1103 b away from the fluid flow between pumps 51 a and 51 b and system ports 171 a and 173 a, and 171 b and 173 b, respectively. Being positioned between pumps 51 a and 51 b and system ports 171 and 173 would tend to reduce efficiency of pump apparatus 110. Having all of the required elements located in the same plane also decreases the required thickness of end cap 130.

This arrangement permits pump apparatus 110 to be mounted on vehicle frame 88 so that the axes of pumps 51 a and 51 b are parallel to the longitudinal axis of the vehicle. This design permits main drive shaft 124 to be directly driven by engine 84. This design eliminates the need for a separate belt and pulley, which decreases costs and increases the efficiency of the unit. Reservoir 86 may be secured to pump apparatus 110 or to vehicle frame 88 by a variety of known fastening mechanisms.

In this design, control arms 122 a and 122 b are mounted on the sides of housing 120 with respect to vehicle frame 88, which may increase the ease of connection with the various linkage mechanisms 69, depending on the structure of vehicle 12. As shown in FIG. 1, this arrangement also simplifies the connection of hydraulic hoses 70 and 72 from system ports 171 a, 171 b, 173 a and 173 b to motors 90.

FIG. 12 shows a cross-section of another embodiment of this invention, where end cap 230 is similar in many ways to end cap 130 of FIG. 11. In this embodiment, a single charge pump (not shown) provides fluid to pumps 51 a and 51 b. System ports 271 a and 273 a correspond to pump 51 a, and ports 271 b and 273 b correspond to pump 51 b. The orientation of swash plates 48 a, 48 b and the location of trunnion arms 21 a and 21 b, control arms 22 a and 22 b and output system ports 271 a, 271 b, 273 a and 273 b would remain similar to that of the first two embodiments.

Fluid enters the charge pump from reservoir 86 through charge inlet 281 a. From inlet 281 a fluid passes through kidney-shaped opening 293 into the charge pump. The charge pump forces fluid through passage 294 into passage 281 b, which is also the entry into charge gallery 280. Passages 281 a and 281 b are formed in a single operation and then separated by the insertion of bearing 276 into its bore. For convenience the opening to charge relief 297 is located in passage 281 b, though it may be located at any position where it may communicate with charge gallery 280. Charge gallery 280 is formed by passage 280 a extending between check plug 2103 a positioned in port 274 a and check plug 2103 b positioned in port 274 b, and passages 280 b and 280 c are formed at right angles to passage 280 a and parallel with check plug 2101 a positioned in port 274 c and check plug 2101 b positioned in port 274 d. Passages 280 b and 280 c are then closed by plugs 233. Check plug 2103 a is connected to system port 273 a by connecting passage 42 a. Similarly, check plug 2103 b is connected to system port 273 b by connecting passage 42 b. Connecting passages 42 a and 42 b are closed at the edge of end cap 230 by plugs 233.

A third embodiment of the present invention is shown in FIGS. 13-18. Similar to the second embodiment of the present invention described above, this embodiment of pump apparatus 210 includes a main drive shaft 224 drivingly engaged to pump shafts 125, 126 and auxiliary pump shaft 127, which in turn drive pumps 51 a and 51 b and auxiliary pump 157, which may also be referred to as the first, second and third pumps or drive units respectively. The gearing connecting shafts 125, 126 and 127 (shown in FIG. 18) and the porting provided in end cap 130 (shown in FIG. 17) are also nearly identical to the gearing and porting described in connection with the second embodiment and shown in FIGS. 9 and 11, and are thus similarly numbered.

For powering a mower deck 89 or other auxiliary device a PTO assembly or PTO unit 229 may be positioned between bell housing 16 and pump housing 20. This embodiment is distinguishable from the pump apparatus described in the second embodiment and shown in FIG. 10, which discloses a PTO 29 that extends from end cap 130 and that includes an output shaft that is coaxial with the main drive shaft.

More specifically, PTO assembly 229 defines an enclosed space, which is formed by the combination of first member 229 b and plate 229 c. Assembly 229 is attached to housing 220 by fasteners 267. PTO assembly 229 contains a first pulley 229 d that is selectively coupled to main drive shaft 224 by an electric clutch 229 e acting as a power takeoff mechanism. Moreover, electric clutch 229 e is selectively coupled to main drive shaft 224 by key 62. Electric clutch 229 e is actuated by signals sent on electrical connector 229 j. These signals may be generated by one of a variety of methods—for example, by operator actuation of a switch (not shown) mounted in vehicle 212. Once actuated, clutch 229 e acts to selectively couple first pulley 229 d to main input shaft 224 by means of a hub 62 a. Other elements are likely to be included within power take off assembly 229, such as mounting and adjusting elements 229 h. PTO 229 also includes an output shaft 229 a, which may be drivingly coupled to mower deck input 89 a for powering mower deck 89 and which may be positioned below main drive shaft 224. For driving output shaft 229 a, first pulley 229 d may be drivingly coupled to a second pulley 229 f by belt 229 g. By positioning output shaft 229 a below main drive shaft 224, output shaft 229 a and input 89 a to mower deck 89 are displaced in a substantially collinear relationship. It should be understood that this arrangement provides for a more efficient transfer of power from output shaft 229 a to mower deck input 89 a and mower deck 89. Additionally, this arrangement keeps the components associated with deck drive in a location that provides room for other components, such as linkages and other drive line elements. It should be appreciated by those with skill in the art that electric clutches are common in the industry and that other variations of clutches may also be used to couple first pulley 229 d to main drive shaft 224.

A fourth embodiment of the present invention is shown in FIGS. 19-24. In this embodiment of pump apparatus 310, a hydraulic motor 329 has been positioned below main drive shaft 324. Motor 329, which may be a piston motor, a gerotor, a geroller or other design, drives output shaft 329 a, which acts as a power take off shaft. Since this embodiment allows u-joint 362 and output shaft 329 a to be positioned in a substantially collinear relationship to one another, the location of motor 329 below main drive shaft 324 simplifies the arrangement of output shaft 329 a with respect to mower deck 89 and provides for a more efficient transfer of power from motor 329 to mower deck 89. Although motor 329 is depicted as being positioned below the main drive shaft 324, motor 329 may also be positioned in other locations as need dictates.

Pump chamber 350 is formed in housing 320 between end cap 330 and gear chamber cover 335. A plurality of rotatable pumps, including a first rotatable pump 351 a, a second rotatable pump 351 b (not shown), and an auxiliary pump 351 c are mounted in pump chamber 350. The two primary rotatable pumps 351 a and 351 b operate the same as pumps 51 a and 51 b, described above, to provide output for the vehicle. Auxiliary pump 351 c preferably operates in a similar manner, but as will be described below, the output of auxiliary pump 351 c is used to power motor 329. End cap 330 may be secured to housing 320 by fasteners 332, which also secure gear chamber cover 335 to end cap 330.

Trunnion arms 321 a and 321 b are located and operate similarly to trunnion arms 21 a and 21 b described above. Although trunnion arm 321 c also operates in a similar manner, it extends from the top of housing 320, and control arm 322 c is mounted to trunnion arm 321 c with fastener 323. The combination of trunnion arm 321 c and control arm 322 c operate to control auxiliary pump 351 c.

As exemplified in FIG. 22 and similar to pumps 51 a and 51 b described above, pumps 351 a and 351 b may be horizontally positioned on each side of main drive shaft 324 which defines a plane of symmetry between the pumps 351 a and 351 b and driven by pump shafts 325 and 326 (not shown), which are drivingly connected to main drive shaft 324 via a plurality of gear sets. Although the second pump 351 b is not shown in these figures, it should be appreciated by those with skill in the art that it is mounted on the pump mounting surface of end cap 330 in the same manner as pump 51 b is mounted on end cap 30, which is shown in FIG. 6. For driving auxiliary pump 351 c, driving force may be transferred from main drive shaft 324 and gear 352 c to gear 327 a, where gear 327 a is also drivingly coupled to auxiliary shaft 327. Gears 352 c and 327 a are preferably helical spur gears and mounted in gear chamber 345 and act as a second driving mechanism comprising a second gear train. Gear chamber 345 and pump chamber 350 operate and are formed similarly to gear chamber 45 and pump chamber 50 described above.

As shown most clearly in FIG. 22 and similar to the embodiment depicted in FIG. 6, charge pump 357, which is a gerotor style charge pump, may be mounted in end cap 330 and splined to auxiliary shaft 327. Kidney 393 provides oil from passage 380 to charge pump 357. As shown in FIGS. 22 and 23, pressurized oil is sent from charge pump 357 to charge gallery 395 through passage 394. Charge relief opening 377 is also formed in charge gallery 395 to permit oil to be discharged therethrough by means of charge relief valve 397 in the event of excess oil pressure. Charge pump 357 supplies charge fluid to all three rotatable pumps 351 a, b (not shown) and c, as shown in FIGS. 23 and 24.

For transferring driving force from main drive shaft 324 to output shaft 329 a, end cap 330 includes hydraulic porting that connects auxiliary pump 351 c to motor 329. As depicted in FIG. 23, which is a cross-sectional view of end cap 330 taken along lines 23-23 of FIG. 20, system ports 371 and 373 extend into end cap 330, with ports 371 a and 373 a in communication with first pump 351 a, ports 371 b and 373 b in communication with second pump 351 b, and ports 371 c and 373 c in communication with auxiliary pump 351 c. A set of check valves 3101 a-c and 3103 a-c may be threaded into respective openings 374 a-c and 379 a-c in end cap 330, corresponding to ports 371 a-c and 373 a-c. As shown in FIG. 24, check valves 3101 a-c and 3103 a-c may be positioned substantially perpendicularly to the respective system ports 371 a-c and 373 a-c. Check valves 3101 a and 3103 a are in communication with pump 351 a, check valves 3101 b and 3103 b are in communication with pump 351 b, and check valves 3101 c and 3103 c are in communication with auxiliary pump 351 c.

The pressure associated with each set of system ports 371 a, 373 a, 371 b, 373 b, 371 c and 373 c will be controlled by the positioning of the respective swash plate 348 a, 348 b (not shown) or 348 c and operate in the same manner as ports 71 a, 73 a and swash plates 48 a and 48 b described above. The ends of each system ports 371 a, 371 b, 373 a, and 373 b are threaded to permit connection of hoses 370 and 372 and the like. Although system ports 371 c and 373 c are also threaded to permit connection of hoses and the like, system ports 371 c and 373 c extend into end cap 330 to hydraulically transfer driving force from auxiliary pump 351 c to motor 329 and output shaft 329 a, as shown in FIG. 23.

As exemplified in FIG. 23, an external oil reservoir 86 may be mounted at various locations on vehicle 312 or on pump apparatus 310. Oil may drain from pump chamber 350 through case drain 338, and then through outlet hose 391 b to reservoir 86. Oil returns to the system through inlet hose 391 a, passing through filter 92 into charge pump inlet 375. As shown in FIG. 21, case drain 338 is located in housing 320 in a location corresponding to pump chamber 350, so that oil will drain from chamber 350 to reservoir 86 and will be passed through filter 92 before its return to the system. Filter 92 could also be located on hose 391 b. Referring to FIG. 23, passage 380 is formed in end cap 330 and connected to charge inlet 375. The operation of charge pump 357 to supply charge fluid to system ports 371 a, 371 b, 371 c, 373 a, 373 b and 373 c allows for a compact end cap 330.

Main drive shaft 324, pump shafts 325 and 326 (not shown), and auxiliary pump shaft 327 will operate and be supported in similar manners as main drive shaft 24 and pump shafts 25, 26, which are described in detail above, including using bearing 376 to support auxiliary shaft 327 and divide passage 380 into two separate sides. As with other embodiments of the present invention that are described herein, a cooling fan 19 may be secured to main drive shaft 324.

A fifth further embodiment of the present invention is shown in FIGS. 25-30. In this embodiment of pump apparatus 410, pump chamber 450, which is not shown but which would be similar to previously shown pump chambers, is formed in housing 420 and enclosed by end cap 430. A plurality of rotatable pumps, including a first rotatable pump 451 a, a second rotatable pump 451 b, and an auxiliary pump 451 c, which are not shown but which would be similar to previously shown pumps, are mounted in pump chamber 450. The two primary rotatable pumps 451 a and 451 b operate the same as pumps 51 a and 51 b, described above, to provide output for the vehicle and drive wheel motors 90. Auxiliary pump 451 c preferably operates in a similar manner, but as will be described below, the output of the auxiliary pump 451 c is used to power motor 429. End cap 430 may be secured to housing 420 by fasteners 432, which also secure gear chamber cover 435 to end cap 430.

Trunnion arms 421 a, 421 b and 421 c are not shown but would be similar to and operate similarly to trunnion arms 321 a, 321 b and 321 c described above, and are positioned close to each of their respective pumps 451 a, 451 b and 451 c. Control arms 422 a (not shown), 422 b and 422 c are mounted to each respective trunnion arm 421 a, 421 b and 421 c with fastener 423. The combination of trunnion arm 421 c and control arm 422 c operate to control auxiliary pump 451 c.

As exemplified in FIGS. 26 and 27, pumps 451 a, 451 b and 451 c may be positioned around main drive shaft 424 and driven by pump shafts 425, 426 and 427, which are not shown, but which are similar to the shafts shown in the embodiment above and which are drivingly connected to main drive shaft 424 via a plurality of gear sets. Although it is not shown in these figures, it should be appreciated by those with skill in the art that pumps 451 a, 451 b and 451 c are mounted on the pump mounting surface of end cap 430 in the same manner as pump 51 b is mounted on end cap 30, which is shown in FIG. 6.

For driving auxiliary pump 451 c, driving force may be transferred from main drive shaft 424 and gear 452 c to gear 427 a, where gear 427 a is also drivingly coupled to auxiliary shaft 427. Gears 452 c and 427 a are not shown but are preferably helical spur gears similar to previously shown gears 352 c and 327 a and mounted in gear chamber 445. Gear chamber 445 and pump chamber 450 operate and are formed similarly to gear chamber 45 and pump chamber 50 described above. For directly powering mower deck 89, a hydraulic motor 429 has been positioned proximate to mower deck 89 and hydraulically connected to auxiliary pump 451 c via high pressure hoses 470 c and 472 c (not shown), which will be described in more detail below. Motor 429 drives output shaft 429 a and output shaft 429 a may act as a power take off shaft and drive mower deck 89. Motor 429 may be a piston motor, a gerotor, a geroller or other design.

As shown most clearly in FIG. 28 and similar to the embodiment depicted in FIG. 22, charge pump 457, which is a gerotor style charge pump, may be mounted in end cap 430 and splined to main drive shaft 424. Kidney 493 provides oil from passage 480 to charge pump 457. As shown in FIGS. 27-30, pressurized oil is then sent from charge pump 457 to charge gallery 495, composed of elements 495 a, 495 b and 495 c, through passage 494. Charge pump 457 supplies charge fluid to all three rotatable pumps 451 a, 451 b and 451 c through charge gallery 495 by supplying charge fluid from passage 494 to passage 495 a and then through passage 495 b to annular groove 495 c formed in charge cover 460. Charge gallery 495 is also fluidly connected to each of pumps 451 a and 451 b via passages 495 f and 495 e and charge ports 482 b and 482 a, respectively. Charge gallery 495 may also provide charge fluid to auxiliary devices via charge ports 482 c and 482 d, which are connected to charge gallery 495 c by charge passages 495 g and 495 d, respectively. Charge relief opening 477 a is also formed in passage 495 a to permit oil to be discharged therethrough by means of charge relief valve 497 a in the event of excess oil pressure. The fluid that is discharged through charge relief valve 497 a enters into charge relief passage 497 b and is sent to charge relief outlet 497 c formed in charge cover 460, which is in fluid connection with charge pump 457 and allows the fluid to re-enter the fluid system for the pump apparatus 410 therethrough. Note that annular groove 495 c may also be formed in end cap 430 and charge relief passage 497 b may be formed in charge cover 460.

For transferring driving force from main drive shaft 424 to output shaft 429 a, auxiliary pump 451 c and motor 429 are connected by high pressure hoses 470 c and 472 c. Further, hoses 470 c and 472 c are fluidly connected to system ports 471 c and 473 c on one end and at the other end directly to motor 429. As depicted in FIG. 27, which is a cross-sectional view of end cap 430 taken along lines 27-27 of FIG. 26, system ports 471 and 473 extend into respective first, second and third faces 430 a, 430 b and 430 c of end cap 430, with ports 471 a and 473 a being in communication with first pump 451 a, ports 471 b and 473 b being in communication with second pump 451 b, and ports 471 c and 473 c being in communication with auxiliary pump 451 c. Each of the ports 471 a-c and 473 a-c extend into end cap 430 along a respective longitudinal axis and, as seen in FIG. 27, the longitudinal axes of each set of ports 471 a-c and 473 a-c are at obtuse angles to the longitudinal axes of the other ports. Charge ports 482 c, 482 d extend into end cap 430 through respective fourth and fifth faces disposed between one of the other faces 430 a, 430 b or 430 c. A set of check valves 4101 a-c and 4103 a-c may be threaded into respective openings 474 a-c and 479 a-c in end cap 430, corresponding to ports 471 a-c and 473 a-c. As shown in FIG. 27, check valves 4101 a-c and 4103 a-c may be positioned substantially coplanar, yet perpendicular to the respective system ports 471 a-c and 473 a-c. Check valves 4101 a and 4103 a are in communication with pump 451 a, check valves 4101 b and 4103 b are in communication with pump 451 b, and check valves 4101 c and 4103 c are in communication with auxiliary pump 451 c.

As with the previous embodiments and as exemplified by FIG. 27, charge pump 457 draws hydraulic fluid from reservoir 86, which may be located either on vehicle 412 or on pump apparatus 410, and then through charge inlet line 491 a and filter 92. Fluid from a case drain returns to reservoir 86 through a case drain line 491 b.

While specific embodiments of the invention have been described in detail, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various modifications and alternatives to those details could be developed in light of the overall teachings of the disclosure. Accordingly, the particular arrangement disclosed is meant to be illustrative only and not limiting as to the scope of the invention which is to be given the full breadth of the appended claims and any equivalents thereof. 

1. An end cap for mounting a plurality of hydraulic pumps, comprising: a first pump running surface on which a first hydraulic pump may be rotatably disposed; a second pump running surface on which a second hydraulic pump may be rotatably disposed; a first pair of hydraulic ports open on a first face, each of the first pair of hydraulic ports extending into the end cap from the first face along a respective longitudinal axis, the first pair of hydraulic ports being connected to the first pump running surface; a second pair of hydraulic ports open on a second face, each of the second pair of hydraulic ports extending into the end cap from the second face along a respective longitudinal axis, the second pair of hydraulic ports being connected to the second pump running surface; wherein the first pair of hydraulic ports and the second pair of hydraulic ports are substantially coplanar and the longitudinal axis of at least one of the first pair of hydraulic ports forms an obtuse angle with the longitudinal axis of at least one of the second pair of hydraulic ports.
 2. The end cap of claim 1, wherein the first pair of hydraulic ports are hydraulically connected to a first motor and the second pair of hydraulic ports are hydraulically connected to a second motor.
 3. The end cap of claim 1, further comprising: a third pump running surface on which a third hydraulic pump may be rotatably disposed; a third pair of hydraulic ports open on a third face, each of the third pair of hydraulic ports extending into the end cap from the third face along a respective longitudinal axis, the third pair of hydraulic ports being connected to the third pump running surface.
 4. The end cap of claim 3, wherein the third pair of hydraulic ports are hydraulically connected to a third motor.
 5. The end cap of claim 3, wherein the third pair of hydraulic ports are substantially coplanar with the first pair of hydraulic ports and with the second pair of hydraulic ports and the longitudinal axis of at least one of the third pair of hydraulic ports forms obtuse angles with both the longitudinal axis of at least one of the first pair of hydraulic ports and the longitudinal axis of at least one of the second pair of hydraulic ports.
 6. The end cap of claim 3, further comprising a mounting surface for a charge pump to supply charge fluid to the first, second and third hydraulic pumps.
 7. The end cap of claim 6, further comprising a charge port open on a fourth face and extending into the end cap from the fourth face, the charge port permitting communication of charge fluid to an auxiliary device and wherein the charge port may be situated between the first face and the third face or between the second face and the third face.
 8. A hydraulic drive unit, comprising: a housing comprising a hydraulic mounting member and a pump casing, the hydraulic mounting member comprising: a first pump running surface and a second pump running surface; a first pair of hydraulic ports open on a first face, both of the first pair of hydraulic ports extending into the hydraulic mounting member from the first face along a respective longitudinal axis, the first pair of hydraulic ports being connected to the first pump running surface; and a second pair of hydraulic ports open on a second face, both of the second pair of hydraulic ports extending into the hydraulic mounting member from the second face along a respective longitudinal axis, the second pair of hydraulic ports being connected to the second pump running surface; a first hydraulic pump comprising a first rotatable cylinder block disposed on the first pump running surface and a first pump shaft engaged to and driving the first rotatable cylinder block, wherein the first pump shaft has a first longitudinal axis of rotation; a second hydraulic pump comprising a second rotatable cylinder block disposed on the second pump running surface and a second pump shaft engaged to and driving the second rotatable cylinder block, wherein the second pump shaft has a second longitudinal axis of rotation; wherein the first pair of hydraulic ports and the second pair of hydraulic ports are substantially coplanar and the longitudinal axis of at least one of the first pair of hydraulic ports forms an obtuse angle with the longitudinal axis of at least one of the second pair of hydraulic ports.
 9. The hydraulic drive unit of claim 8, further comprising a first motor and a second motor, wherein the first pair of hydraulic ports are hydraulically connected to the first motor and the second pair of hydraulic ports are hydraulically connected to the second motor.
 10. The hydraulic drive unit of claim 9, further comprising a third hydraulic pump having a third rotatable cylinder block and the hydraulic mounting member further comprises a third pump running surface on which the third rotatable cylinder block may be disposed.
 11. The hydraulic drive unit of claim 10, wherein the pump casing is secured to the hydraulic mounting member to form a pump chamber and the first rotatable cylinder block, second rotatable cylinder block and third rotatable cylinder block are disposed in the pump chamber.
 12. The hydraulic drive unit of claim 10, wherein the hydraulic mounting member further comprises a third pair of hydraulic ports open on a third face, each of the third pair of hydraulic ports extending into the hydraulic mounting member from the third face along a respective longitudinal axis, the third pair of hydraulic ports being connected to the third pump running surface.
 13. The hydraulic drive unit of claim 12, wherein the third pair of hydraulic ports are substantially coplanar with the first pair of hydraulic ports and with the second pair of hydraulic ports and form obtuse angles with both the first pair of hydraulic ports and the second pair of hydraulic ports.
 14. The hydraulic drive unit of claim 10, wherein the hydraulic mounting member further comprises a mounting surface for a charge pump to supply charge fluid to the first hydraulic pump, the second hydraulic pump and the third hydraulic pump.
 15. The hydraulic drive unit of claim 12, further comprising a third motor, wherein the third pair of hydraulic ports are hydraulically connected to the third motor. 